川西北高寒沙地不同年限高山柳林下优势植物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征

通过采集川西北高寒沙地不同年限(6、18、24年)高山柳林下3种优势植被藏沙蒿、裂叶独活和镰荚棘豆,分别测定分析3种植被叶片、根部C、N、P化学计量特征变化特征。结果表明:不同年限高山柳林下植被C、N、P含量及其比值间存在显著差异且呈现出不同变化趋势。林下植被C含量整体下降;叶N含量呈上升趋势,根N含量随年限增长而下降;除藏沙蒿外,林下植被P含量变化不显著;C∶N变化范围为1.92~12.86;C∶P为29.18~196.88;不同年限高山柳林下植被N∶P间虽存在差异,但均表现出主要受到P限制,表明该区域植被生长主要受P限制,应注意P养分的适当补充。     

Investigation of Clinical Medicine for Treating Cows Endometritis in Baotou Area

In 4 dairy farms located in Baotou area, clinical medicine investigation and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria were conducted, and then curative effects of different treatment methods were analyzed.Epidemic materials were collected from diary cows infected by endometritis, from which pathogenic bacteria were isolated using conventional microbiology technologies.Broth microdilution method was used to detect the sensitivity and resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics commonly used in clinic.On this basis, the sensitive drugs were used to treat mastitis or endometritis, the clinical curative effect of traditional treatment group was compared with that of therapeutic test group.The result of traditional treatment group showed 13 antibiotics were used to treat 160 cases of endometritis, florfenicol was most effective, penicillin was most ineffective.The results of therapeutic test group showed that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus were the main pathogenic bacteria of endometritis, which were sensitive to gentamicin and cefalotin, etc.The results of statistical analysis showed that the curative effect of therapeutic test group was extremely significantly different from that of traditional treatment group(P<0.01).Sensitive drugs screened by drug sensitive test could be used to target therapy, and obtain satisfied curative effect.Moreover, this approach could avoid antibiotic abuse.     

靖边县2010年—2012年羊布鲁菌病血清学调查

为了解陕西省靖边县羊布鲁菌的感染及分布状况,自2010年1月—2012年12月,采集陕西省靖边县羔羊、种羊等55 059只的羊血清样品,通过试管凝集反应对布鲁菌病抗体进行检测,分析羊布鲁菌的分布情况。结果显示,55 059份羊血清样品共检出阳性样品78份,其中羔羊样品阳性71份。种羊养殖场和养殖户因引进布鲁菌隐性种公羊造成2个养殖场出现77只病羊,4个养殖户出现117只病羊。羔羊布鲁菌抗体阳性率呈增高趋势,由2010年的0.04%上升到2012年的0.29%;由于引种造成的布鲁菌感染率较高。     

VEGF在绵羊生殖管道中的表达规律

以不同发情周期雌性绵羊子宫、输卵管为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学技术,针对血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在绵羊子宫、输卵管的表达、定位和变化规律进行了检测,同时应用相关图像分析软件对抗原染色强度进行了定量分析。结果表明：输卵管在发情0～15d,VEGF表达量在第9天达到峰值后经历波动逐渐下降过程,输卵管内膜上皮细胞是VEGF抗原的主要靶细胞;而子宫角在发情0～15d,VEGF表达量在第5天达到峰值后经历波动逐渐下降过程,子宫内膜固有层及腺体周围细胞为VEGF抗原的主要靶细胞。该研究结果为绵羊生产中进一步提高受胎率和妊娠率及频密产羔等技术的应用提供了科学依据。     

水分条件对巴音布鲁克高寒湿地CO_2排放的影响

在新疆天山中部巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地,以苔草(Carex tristachya)为主要建群种的样地为研究对象,利用英国PP-systems公司生产的便携式土壤呼吸测定系统(CIRAS-2-SRC)研究了不同地表水分条件对天鹅湖高寒湿地夏季土壤CO2排放的影响。结果表明,1)湿润区的生物量大于干燥区;干燥区土壤CO2排放高于湿润区,干燥区土壤CO2排放日变化曲线为单峰曲线,CO2排放最高点出现在当地14:00-16:00,最高值为1.185 0g CO2·m-2·h-1;湿润区土壤CO2排放日变化曲线为双峰曲线,两个峰值分别出现在12:00和16:00,最高值为1.024 0g CO2·m-2·h-1。2)不同水分条件下生物量中凋落物含量影响土壤CO2排放。土壤温度是CO2排放的主要限制因子,且地表干燥区CO2排放与土壤温度的相关性更显著(P0.01)。土壤湿度与CO2排放相关性不显著(P湿润区=0.997,P干燥区=0.409)。     

陇薯9号的品种特性及脱毒种薯繁育技术

介绍了新品种陇薯9号的品种特征,并就其脱毒种薯繁育体系的核心要领和关键技术作了阐述.     

基于体外模拟法评价蔬菜中Cd的健康风险与污染土壤修复效果

为探明北方地区常见蔬菜中Cd的健康风险，以北京地区Cd污染的大棚菜地土壤为对象，利用盆栽实验测定了韭菜和小油菜对Cd的吸收、转运特征及2种修复剂（沸石+蚯蚓粪，凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪）对Cd污染土壤的修复效果，基于体外模拟法和人体健康风险评价方法对污染土壤修复前、后的2种蔬菜中Cd的有效性及人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明，污染土壤上的2种蔬菜中Cd含量均超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》，但2种蔬菜对Cd的吸收具有显著差异，小油菜中Cd的含量为韭菜的2.04倍；体外模拟法测定结果表明，韭菜和小油菜中Cd在模拟人体胃液中的有效浓度分别为0.027、0.039 mg·kg^-1，韭菜中的Cd对人体具有更高的生物有效性；基于人体健康风险评价方法对2种蔬菜中Cd进行健康风险评价，结果表明，污染土壤上种植的2种蔬菜中Cd对人体具有较高的致癌风险，其中，对0~6岁儿童的致癌风险大于成人（>18岁）的风险；添加修复剂可使韭菜和小油菜中Cd含量最大分别降低65.2%和72.3%；2种修复剂处理的韭菜与小油菜中Cd的生物有效性和致癌风险值显著下降，其中凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪处理土壤的2种蔬菜中Cd的致癌风险值接近安全水平。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

渤海湾外来浮游植物物种及其入侵途径分析

为了预防外来浮游植物入侵引发的渤海湾赤潮灾害，基于近20年建设项目环境影响评价报告书和相关文献资料的研究成果，收集整理了渤海湾海域已发现的外来浮游植物物种及具体物种信息，分析了物种入侵的主要途径及可能产生的赤潮灾害影响。结果表明：渤海湾海域共发现17种外来浮游植物，其中，甲藻门最多，有10种；硅藻门次之，有5种；金藻门和黄藻门最少，各有1种。研究表明：渤海湾外来浮游植物中，除中华盒形藻外，其余16种均属于赤潮生物，这些物种主要通过压载水引入、传播的方式进入渤海湾海域，应加强港口监控和管理，以防赤潮灾害。     

颗粒肥料离散元仿真摩擦因数标定方法研究

对分体圆筒法、倾斜法、抽板法和斜面法4种颗粒特性测试方法进行Plackett-Burman多因素显著性筛选试验,试验方差分析结果表明,不同的测试方法影响测量结果的显著因素与因素显著程度。根据分体圆筒法、倾斜法和斜面法的方差分析结果,提出一种基于颗粒物料整体特性的摩擦因数标定方法,将仿真试验与真实试验相结合,依次标定出尿素颗粒与PVC材料间静摩擦因数为0. 41,颗粒间静摩擦因数为0. 36,颗粒间滚动摩擦因数为0. 15。将所标定的摩擦因数采用无底圆筒法进行验证试验,休止角仿真试验结果为30. 57°,真实试验结果为31. 74°,相对误差为3. 69%,不同含水率下的实际试验休止角与所标定摩擦因数下的仿真休止角相对误差均不大于4. 59%,仿真试验结果与真实试验结果无显著差异,验证了所标定摩擦因数的有效性。本方法可用于其他颗粒状物料间摩擦因数的标定试验。